Document Type : Original Article
Author
PhD in Educational Jurisprudence, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran
Abstract
The objective of punishment in the Islamic criminal justice system is not merely to eliminate or deter the offender from committing crimes, but also to deter others, educate, and encourage both individuals and society. This aspect of punishments, although mentioned sporadically in jurisprudence, requires focused and prominent examination and analysis, given the importance and role of education and deterrence in social well-being and prosperity.
This paper attempts to report and analyze the effects of punishments with a jurisprudential-educational approach. Punishments in the Islamic criminal justice system are divided into three categories: Hudud (prescribed punishments), Qisas (retribution), and Ta’zir (disciplinary punishments). Evidence indicates that in all these cases, one of the goals is maintaining order, security, and protecting the social fabric.
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Abul-Husseini, Rahim, “Public Execution of Punishments from the Perspective of Islamic Laws”, Ruwaq Andisheh, No. 6, Esfand 1380.
3. Ardebili, Moghaddis, Ahmad, Majma’ Al-Fayedah Wal-Burhan, Islamic Publishing House, Qom, first edition, 1414 AH;
4. A’rafi, Ali Reza, Lessons Outside Educational Jurisprudence, Qom, 15/2/1388 AH.
5. Imam Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah, Tahrir al-Wasilah, translated by: Seyyed Mazandarani, Ali Akbar Seyyed, Islamic Publishing House, Qom, first edition, 1415 AH.
6. Imam Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah, Kitab al-Ba’, Imam’s Works Compilation and Publishing House, Tehran, 1379.
7. Ansari, Qodratollah and others, Penalties from the Perspective of Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, Islamic Culture and Sciences Research Institute, Qom, 2006.
8. Amadi, Abdul Wahid Tamimi, Gharr al-Hakam and Durr al-Kalam, edited by Derayati, Mustafa, Advertising Office, Qom, first edition: 1987;
9. Bagheri, Khosrow, A Second Look at Islamic Education, Tehran, Madrese, Tehran, thirteenth edition: 2006.
10. Banari, Ali Hemmat, “An Introduction to the Educational Analysis of Jurisprudential Rulings in a New Field in Islamic Education,” Studies in Educational Jurisprudence, No. 7, Spring and Summer 2017.
11. Tabrizi, Mirza Javad, The Foundations of Limits and Punishments, Author's Office, Qom, First Edition 1417 AH.
12. Hurr Ameli, Muhammad ibn Hassan, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, Al-Bayt Foundation (AS), Qom, First Edition: 1409 AH.
13. Khosrowshahi, Qudratullah, The Philosophy of Retribution from the Perspective of Islam, Bostan Kitab, Qom, First Edition: 1380 AH.
14. Khoei, Sayyid Abul-Qasim, The Principles of Completing the Curriculum, Baghdad University, 1371 AH.
15. Raghib Isfahani, Hussein, Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran, Book Office, Qom, Second Edition: 1404 AH.
16. Zajaji, Hamid Reza. Malmir, Mahmoud, "A Study of Sharia-Prescribed Punishments in Iranian Jurisprudence and Criminal Law", Criminal Law Research Quarterly, Year 7, Issue 27, Summer 1398 AH.
17. Shahid Awal, Muhammad, Al-Qawwa’i wa al-Fawa’id, Mufid Bookstore, Qom, first edition: 1400 AH.
18. Shahid Thani, Zayn al-Din Ameli, Al-Rawdha al-Bahiyyah, Davari Bookstore, Qom, first edition: 1410 AH.
19. Shahid Thani, Zayn al-Din Ameli, Masalak al-Afham, Al-Ma’arif al-Islamiyya Institute, Qom, published in 1423 AH.
20. Taremi, Muhammad Hossein, “A New Exploration in the Death Penalty”, Ma’rifat, No. 118, Mehr 1386 AH.
21. Tabataba’i, Seyyed Ali, Riad al-Masayel, Al-Al-Bayt Institute (AS), Qom, first edition: 1418 AH.
22. Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, with the help of Seyyed Hassan Mousavi, Tehran, 1407 AH.
23. Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan, Al-Istibsar, Dar al-Kutb al-Islamiya, Tehran, first edition, 1390 AH.
24. Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan, Al-Khalaf, Qom Seminary Teachers Association, first edition, 1407 AH.
25. Allamah Hilli, Ja’far ibn Hassan, Al-Shi’a’, Qom Seminary Teachers Association: second edition: 1413 AH.
26. Allamah Hilli, Ja’far ibn Hassan, Nihayyat al-Ihkam, Aal al-Bayt (AS) Institute, Qom, first edition: 1419 AH.
27. Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya’qub, Usool al-Kafi, translated by Muhammad Baqir Kamara’i, Aswah, Qom, third edition: 1375 AH.
28. Golpaygani Mousavi, Mohammad Reza, Majma’ al-Masayel, Dar al-Quran al-Karim Publishing House, Qom, second edition: 1409 AH
29. Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Dar Ihya’ al-Turat al-Arabi, Beirut, first edition: 1403 AH
30. Mohaqiq Hilli, Ja’far ibn Hassan, Sharay’ al-Islam, researched by Abdul Hassan Ali Baqal, Ismailiyan, Qom, second edition: 1408 AH
31. Majlisi Awl, Mohammad Taqi, Rawdat al-Mutaqeen, Kushanpur Cultural Foundation, Tehran, published in 1406 AH
32. Marafet, Mohammad Hadi, Tasnim and Tafsir on the Mothers of Judicial Issues, (Supplement to the Commentary on the Learned Iraqis’ Aghazia) Qom, first edition, Beta.
33. Makarem Shirazi and his colleagues, Nasser, Tafsir al-Numno, Dar al-Kutb al-Islamiyyah, Tehran, first edition: 1374 AH
34. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Ta’zir and its scope, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) School, Qom, first edition: 1383 AH.
35. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Anwar al-Fiqahah, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) School, Qom, published 1425 AH.
36. Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawaher al-Kalam, Dar Ihya al-Turaht al-Arabi, Beirut, seventh edition, 1404 AH.
37. Najafi Tawana, Ali, Abnormality and Delinquency of Children and Adolescents, Tehran, Education and Assessment, 1385 AH.
38. Nouri, Mirzah Hossein, Mustadrak al-Wasa’il, Aal al-Bayt Foundation, Qom, first edition, 1408 AH.
Wojdani Fakhr, Qudratullah, Al-Jawaher al-Fakhriyah, Samaa Qalam Publication, Qom, 1383 AH.
)