Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Educational Jurisprudence Department, Jurisprudence Higher Education Complex, Al-Mustafa Al-Alamiya Society, Iran
2 Department of Educational Sciences, Humanities Higher Education Complex, Al-Mustafa Al-Alamiya Community, Qom, Iran
Abstract
"E-education" as one of the fruits of the development of electronic knowledge, has played a significant role in the education process. E-learning means the process of helping the educator by using knowledge and electronic tools to develop human capacities or to modify his traits and behavior, including a set of longitudinal steps and transversal activities that have positive effects and negative consequences depending on the individual’s external conditions and internal characteristics.
"E-test" as an activity below the stage of "e-evaluation" has always had a significant place in the process of "e-education". This important activity has its own challenges and negative consequences, one of the most effective of which is "anxiety". Although in the area of understanding the topics, there are many independent works and documents about "anxiety" and "e-test", there is no independent research found in the field of jurisprudential analysis of anxiety and educational solutions to correct or reduce the effects of anxiety in electronic tests. Anxiety is a state and condition that cannot independently be the subject of a Sharīʿa ruling. However, actions such as imposing and enduring anxiety can be investigated jurisprudentially with two approaches of individual and governmental jurisprudence. If imposing and enduring anxiety in an electronic test requires a rational and customary harm or death, based on the principle of ‘No harm’, imposing and enduring anxiety are forbidden; unless there are secondary rules or titles in place, such as an emergency situation. Operational solutions can be suggested to improve the state of anxiety in the electronic test and also to reduce its harm, the most important of which is the mention and remembrance of God Almighty.
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