Educational jurisprudence

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Hazrat Masoumeh University of Qom

10.22034/mft.2022.11648.1169

Abstract

Motherhood experience as a natural right cannot be taken away, but in some cases the wife's right to have children is at odds with the couple's social interests, the child's health, the husband's sexual rights or the condition of no childbearing, in which case the wife can be legally deprived of this right. In each of these cases, it will be important to study the educational and moral consequences of depriving a woman of motherhood right and to explain the existing strategies for not depriving her by using the influence of moral rules on legal rules in both family and society.
Using descriptive and analytical methods and citing library sources, this article explains the status and importance of motherhood rights after elaborating on the cases in which a woman may be denied this right. Then it refers to two cases in which, despite the couple's entitlement or population control policies, the wife's right takes precedence owing to the superior position of educational and moral rules: 1- Paying attention to the educational and moral requirements of the man's position as the head of the family and expecting tolerance and compromise with the wife when not having children causes embarrassment for the wife. 2- To control and prevent some social problems such as infectious diseases, prostitution, etc., instead of emphasizing population reduction policies and depriving couples of childbearing, it is possible to stress on the importance of educational and moral rules in the relations between men and women. Of course, when the right to childbearing goes against public well-being and the health of the child, governments cannot act and force couples to sterilize in order to ensure safe sexual relations.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

The Holy Quran 1. Akhund Khorasani, Mohammad Kazem, Adequacy of Principles, Qom, Islamic Publishing, 1424. 2. Afshar Ghouchani, Zohreh, Izanloo, Mohsen, "Comparative study of the possibility of claiming damages due to birth and life and the elements of responsibility in it", Comparative Law Studies, Volume 5, Number 1, pp. 35-21, 2014. 3. Ansari, Morteza 1374, Al-Makasib, commentator of Abdul Azim bin Abdul Rahim, Tabriz, information. 4. Ayazi, Seyed Mohammad Ali, Islam and Family Planning, Tehran, Islamic Culture Publishing, 2007. 5. Islami-Tabar, Shahriar, Vaez, Behnam; Soleimani, Afshin, "An Overview of Health and Youth Developments", Applied Research in Youth Studies, No. 1, pp. 174, 2002. 6. Bojnurdi, Seyyed Hassan, Rules of Jurisprudence, Qom, Dalil Ma, 1424. 7. Bazar, Marcel, Humanitarianism in Islam, translated by Mohammad Hassan Mahdavi Ardabili, Gholam Hossein Yousefi, Tehran, Tus, 1983. 8. Bayat Komitaki, Mahnaz, Balvi, Mehdi, "Rereading the Doctrine of Government Expediency in the Light of Equilibrium Theory", Public Law Research, Volume 17, Number 47, pp. 123-155, 2015. 9. Payende, Abolghasem, Nahj al-Fasaha, Tehran, Donyai Danesh, 2009. 10. Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jafar, General Introduction to Law, Tehran, Ganj-e-Danesh, 1398. 11. __________, Advanced in Legal Terminology, Tehran, Ganj-e-Danesh, 2009. 12. Javadi Amoli, Abdullah, Woman in the Mirror of Glory and Beauty, Tehran, Raja, 1993. 13. Jahanfar, Mohammad, Population and Family Planning, Tehran, Dehkhoda, 1998. 14. Chalabi, Faeqeh, Ghasemabadi, Morteza, Aghapour, Kamal, "An Analysis of the Place of Public Order in the Iranian Legal System", Judgment, No. 96, pp. 89-120, 2017. 15. حرعاملی ، محمد ، وسائل الشیعة ، قم ، آل البیت ، 1409. 16. Hassanzadeh, Saleh, "Factors of family consolidation in Islamic culture", Research Journal of Quranic Knowledge, Fourth Year, No. 15, pp. 45-68, 2013. 17. Hosseini Behsudi, Mohammad Sarwar, Mesbah al-Osul, Qom, Imam Khoi Revival Institute, 1422. 18. Helmsresht, Parivash, Delpisheh, Ismail, Health and Family Planning, Tehran, Sokhogostar, 2009. 19. Khamenei, Seyyed Ali Hosseini, Guide to Fatwas, Bija, 1390. 20. Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah, Judgment of Jurisprudence, translated by Hossein Karimi, Qom, Shakoori, 1986. 21. __________, Sahifa Imam, Tehran, Publishing the works of Imam Khomeini ?,. 138. 22. Khoei, Seyyed Abolghasem, Minhaj Al-Saleheen, Qom, Medina Al-Alam, 1415. 23. Rasekh, Mohammad, Bayat Komitaki, Mahnaz, "The concept of public interest". Legal Research, Volume 14, Number 56, pp. 93 _ 119, 1390. 24. Rahimi, Habibollah, Sadeghi, Mohammad Javad, "Legal nature of childbearing and the effects of its condition and non-conditionality during marriage", Research Family, Fourteenth Year, No. 55, pp. 467-496, 1397. 25. Zarshanshan, Shahram, Shojaei Nasrabadi, Mohammad, "Explanation of minimal criminality from a moral perspective", Studies in Criminal Law and Criminology, Volume 4, Number 2, pp. 327-344, 2017. 26. Shabbiri Zanjani, Seyed Mousa, Kitab-e Nikah, Qom, Raypardaz, 1419. 27. Sheikhi, Mohammad Taghi, Population and Family Planning, Tehran, Didar, 1994. 28. Sadeghi Tehrani, Mohammad, Al-Furqan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, Qom, Islamic Culture Publications, 1408. 29. Tabatabai, Mohammad Hussein, Al-Mizan, Qom, Islamic Publications, 2006. 30. Tabari, Fadl Ibn Hassan, Majma 'al-Bayan, Qom, Naser Khosrow, 2009. 31. Tusi, Mohammad 1407, Al-Khalaf, Qom, Society of Teachers. 32. __________, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Tehran, Islamic Library, 2011. 33. Abedi, Mohammad, Acceptance of Darfshan, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, Saeedi, Amir, "Obstacles to Parents' Civil Liability for Children", Defense Counsel, Volume 5, Number 14, pp. 91-105, 2015. 34. Abbasi, Mahmoud, Abbasian, Laden, "AIDS and mechanisms for monitoring and protection of human rights", Medical Law, Second Year, Fifth Issue, p. 61, 2008. 35. Ghadiri, Mahroo, Nikkar Konchajani, Tayyeba, "Pre-marital health certificate from the perspective of international human rights instruments with emphasis on the rights of the child", Family Research, Fourteenth Year, No. 53, 1397. 36. Fazel Miqdad, Jamal al-Din, Tanqih al-Ra'i, Qom, Library of Ayatollah al-Marashi Najafi, Bita. 37. Fanaei, Abolghasem, Nojavan, Davood, "The role of ethics in legislation from the perspective of philosophy of jurisprudence and philosophy of law", Comparative Law, Volume 15, Number 2 (112), pp. 269-307, 1398. 38. Qari Seyyed Fatemi, Seyyed Mohammad, "Justification-Ethical Principles of Contemporary Human Rights", Legal Research, No. 36 and 35, pp. 111 _ 192, 2002. 39. Qaraati, Mohsen, Tafsir Noor, Tehran, Cultural Center for Lessons from the Quran, 2011. 40. Qarshibnaei, Ali Akbar, Tafsir Ahsan Al-Hadith, Tehran, Besat Foundation, 2010. 41. Ghotbi, Milad, Bahadori Jahromi, Ali, "Restrictions on Freedom in the Principles of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran", Islamic Human Rights Studies, No. 10, pp. 55-80, 2016. 42. Katozian, Nasser, Civil Law in the Current Legal System, Tehran, Mizan, 2015. 43. __________, Civil Law (Family), Tehran, Publishing Company, 2006. 44. __________, Introduction to Law and Study in the Iranian Legal System, Tehran, Anteshar Co., 1999. 45. __________, Fundamentals of Public Law, Tehran, Mizan, 1390. 46. ​​__________, Philosophy of Law, Tehran, Publishing Company, 2016. 47. Ketabi, Ahmad, An Introduction to Demographic Thoughts and Theories, Tehran, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2009. 48. Klini, Muhammad ibn Ya`qub, Al-Kafi, Qom, Dar al-Hadith, 1429. 49. Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir bin Mohammad Taqi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Beirut, Dar Al-Ahya Al-Tarath Al-Arabi, 1404. 50. Mohaghegh Hali, Jafar, Sharia al-Islam, Tehran, Esteghlal, 1408. 51. Mohaghegh Damad, Seyed Mostafa, Family Law, Tehran, Islamic Sciences Publishing, 2006. 52. __________, Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of Marriage, Qom, Islamic Sciences Publishing, 2000. 53. __________, Jurisprudential rules of the civil sector, Tehran, Samat, 2001. 54. Moeini Alamdari, Jahangir, "The Relationship between Public Interest and Individual Freedom", Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Volume 77, Number 816, pp. 151-173, 1999. 55. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, treatise on explaining issues with many additions and new referendums, Qom, Quds, sixty-fifth, 2013. 56. Mofid, Mohammad Ibn Ali, Al-Muqna'a, Qom, Hazara World CongressSheikh Mofid, 1410. 57. Mousavirkani, Fatemeh Sadat, Mousavirkani, Seyed Hadi, "The right to life of an abnormal fetus from the perspective of human morality and public interest", Medical Law, Volume 8, Number 13, pp. 71-114, 2014. 58. Mayser, Mohammad Sayyid Ahmad, Al-Kharaq Al-Asrah Al-Muslimah, Emirate, Dar Al-Hindi, 2001. 59. Mohtadi, Abdolazim, Teachings on the Ethics of Imam Hussein ?, translated by Gholam Hossein Ansari, Tehran, International Publishing, 2010. 60. Naini, Mohammad Hussein, Minya al-Talib, Tehran, Al-Muktabah al-Razaviyah, 1373. 61. Nikkhah, Reza, Ali Asgari, Ebrahim, "The hidden role of ethics in law", Bioethics Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 15, pp. 11-39, 2015. Liu, N. (1987). Wrongful: some of the problems. journal of medical ethics. P: 69 _ 73.