Document Type : Original Article
Author
Educational Jurisprudence Department of Al-Mustafa International University of Qom
Abstract
Cheating in exams, in addition to moral and social harms, challenges the educational system; because it undermines public trust in the educational system, reduces the quality of education, deprives individuals of equal educational opportunities, and hinders the realization of educational justice in society. Therefore, one of the important goals of educational institutions is to combat forgery and cheating. One of the key strategies in this regard is to explain the negative consequences and determine the religious (shar'i) ruling on cheating, so that by providing learners with a correct understanding and strengthening their beliefs, the grounds for cheating are eliminated. The main question of this article is: What prescriptive (taklifi) and declaratory (wad'i) rulings apply to cheating and the forgery of academic degrees? This paper seeks, through a descriptive and analytical method, to infer the ruling on cheating in exams and forging academic degrees by examining Quranic and narrative evidence. Among the most important findings of this study are: the inclusion of cheating under the jurisprudential categories of "lying" (kadhib), "deception" (ghish), and "violation of people's rights" (taḍyi' ḥaqq al-nās), and the consequent prohibition (ḥurma) of cheating; the prohibition of forging academic degrees based on the rule of the prohibition of disrupting the system (ḥurmat ikhlāl bi al-niẓām); and the impermissibility of receiving salaries and benefits with a forged degree when the degree is a condition for an employment contract. Although cheating and forging academic degrees have been somewhat studied from ethical, sociological, and psychological perspectives, their jurisprudential examination in a reasoned manner has received less attention, and no substantial content has been produced in this regard. Therefore, addressing this issue from a jurisprudential and educational approach is among the innovations of this paper.
Keywords
- Tadlis (fraudulent concealment)
- Ghesh (deception/fraud)
- Prohibition of disrupting the system (hurmat ikhlāl bi al-niẓām)
- Employment
- Salary and benefits
- Huquq al-nas (people's rights)
Main Subjects
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