Educational jurisprudence

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Graduate in Jurisprudential Education, Higher Institute of Jurisprudence and Islamic Sciences, Qom, Iran

2 . Instructor of Jurisprudence and Principles, Higher Education Complex of Jurisprudence, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran

10.22034/mft.2025.18632.1357

Abstract

Today, in some family interactions, there are connections between young girls and non-mahram individuals. Since the girls have not reached puberty, the necessary attention to jurisprudential rulings and legal boundaries regarding non-mahram interactions is often overlooked, especially when non-mahram individuals embrace young girls. The question arises: what is the jurisprudential ruling on embracing non-mahram girls? In this article, through an ijtihad approach, the verses and narrations related to the ruling on embracing a six-year-old non-mahram girl have been examined, leading to the following conclusions: a) Regarding a six-year-old non-mahram girl, the apparent meaning of three narrations—one of which is authentic—indicates prohibition, and the evidence presented for lifting this prohibition is not reliable. b) For girls under six years old, there is no evidence of prohibition, and the meaning of some narrations indicates permissibility. c) The involvement of a specific age in this ruling is such that once a child reaches this age, the ruling must be observed; however, even before this age, if there is potential harm, the ruling must still be observed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

* Holy Quran
1. Ibn Ash'ath, Muhammad bin Muhammad, Al-Jaafriyat Al-Ninawi Library, Tehran, 1, 2 ta.
2. Ibn Babouyeh, Muhammad bin Ali, Amali, Kitabchi, Tehran, 6th, 1376.
3. Ibn Babouyeh, Muhammad bin Ali, Al-Khasal, Jamia Modaresin, Qom, 1, 1362.
4. Ibn Babouyeh, Muhammad bin Ali, Kamal al-Din and Tammam al-Naimah, Islamia, Tehran, II, 1395 AH.
5. Ibn Darid, Muhammad Bin Hasan, Jamrah Al-Legha, Dar El Alam, Beirut, 1st, 1988.
6. Ibn Shazan Qommi, Abu al-Fazl Shazan bin Jibreel, al-Fadael, Razi, Qom, II, 1363.
7. Ibn Tifur, Ahmad bin Abi Tahir, Balaghat al-Nisa, al-Sharif al-Radi, Qom, first, second edition.
8. Ibn Manzoor, Abu al-Fazl, Jamal al-Din, Muhammad bin Makram, Language of the Arabs, Dar al-Fakr, Beirut, third, 1414 AH.
9. Abu al-Hussein, Ahmad bin Faris bin Zakaria, Mujam al-Maqais al-Lagha, Doftar Tablighat, Qom, 1st, 1404 AH.
10. Ehsai, Ibn Abi Jumur, Muhammad Bin Ali, Awali Al-Leali, Dar Sayed Al-Shahada, Qom, 1st, 1405 AH.
11. Azhari, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Tahdeeb al-Legha, Dar Ahyaya al-Tarath al-Arabi, Beirut, 1st, 1421 AH.
12. Esfahani, Hossein bin Mohammad Ragheb, Al-Qur'an Vocabulary, Dar El Alam - El Dar Al Shamia, Beirut-Damascus, 1st, 1412 AH.
13. Esfahani, Majlesi I, Mohammad Taqi, Ruzda Al-Mutaqeen, Kushanbur Islamic Cultural Institute, Qom, II, 1406 AH.
14. Arafi, Alireza, Educational Jurisprudence, Illumination and Irfan, Qom, 1st, 2018.
15. Bahrani, Hashem bin Suleiman, al-Barhan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Al-Ba'ath Foundation, Qom, 1st 1415 AH.
16. Barqi, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Khalid, Al-Mahasen, Dar al-Kutub al-Islami, Qom, II, 1371 AH.
17. Boroujerdi, Agha Hossein, Jame Ahadith Shia, Farhang Sabz, Tehran, 1, 2016.
18. Har Aamili, Muhammad bin Hassan, Wasal al-Shi'a, Al-Bayt, peace be upon them, Qom, first, 1409 AH.
19. Hosseini Mousavi, Muhammad bin Abi Talib, Tasliyyah Al-Mujals and Zaina Al-Majals, Islamic Encyclopaedia Foundation, Qom, 1, 1418 AH.
20. Hakim, Seyyed Mohsen, Mustamsk al-Arwa al-Wathqi, Dar al-Tafsir, Qom, first, 1416 AH
21. Hamiri, Nashwaan bin Saeed, Shams al-Uloom and Dawa Kalam al-Arab Man al-Kalum, Dar al-Fikr, Damascus, 1st, 1420 AH.
22. Hamiri, Abdullah bin Jafar, Qarb al-Isnad, Al-Bayt, peace be upon them, Qom, 1st 1413 AH.
23. Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah, Tahrir al-Wasila, Darul Alam, Qom, first, Beta.
24. Sobhani, Jafar, Nizam al-Nikah fi al-Sharia al-Islami al-Ghara, Qom, first, beta.
25. Seyyed Yazdi, Mohammad Kazem, Al-Arawa Al-Waghqi, Al-Nashar Islamic Publishing House, Qom, 1st 1421 AH.
26. Saifi, Ali Akbar, The Reason for Writing Al-Wasila (Al-Nikah), Organization for Editing and Publishing the Works of Imam Al-Khomeini (Quds Sar), Qom, First Bita
27. Sistani, Seyyed Ali, Minhaj al-Salehin, Office of Hazrat Ayatollah Sistani, Qom, 5th, 1417 AH.
28. Shabiri, Seyyed Musa, Book of Marriage, Rai Pardaz Research Institute, Qom, 1st, 1419 AH.
29. Sahib bin Abbad, Al-Ashqin Fi Al-Lagha, Alam Al-Kitab, Beirut, 1st, 1414 AH.
30. Sadouq, Muhammad bin Ali bin Babouyeh, Man la Yahdrah al-Faqih, Islamic Publications Office, Qom, II, 1413 AH
31. Tabatabaei Qomi, Seyyed Taqi, Basics of Minhaj al-Salehin, Qalam al-Sharq, Bija, Bita.
32. Tabatabai, Seyyed Ali, Riyad al-Masal, Al-Bayt peace be upon them, Qom, first, 1418 AH.
33. Tabarsi, Hasan bin Fazl, Makarem al-Akhlaq, al-Sharif al-Razi, Qom, 4th, 1412 AH
34. Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hasan, Mediation of Al-Wori with Allam Al-Huda, Islamia, Tehran, third, 1390 AH.
35. Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir bin Rostam, Dalai al-Imamah, Ba'ath, Qom, I, 1413 AH.
36. Tousi, Muhammad bin Hassan, Tahdeeb al-Ahkam, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 4th, 1407 AH
37. Tousi, Muhammad bin Hassan, Rizal, Islamic Publication Office, Qom, 3rd 1427 AH.
38. Ayashi, Mohammad Bin Masoud, Tafsir Al-Ayashi, Al-Mattaba Al-Elamiya, Tehran, 1, 1380.
39. Farahidi, Khalil bin Ahmad, Al-Ain, Hijrat, Qom, II, 1410 AH.
40. Qutb al-Din Ravandi, Saeed bin Hibatullah, Qasses al-Anbiyyah, peace be upon him, Islamic researches, Mashhad, I, 1409 AH.
41. Kashi, Muhammad bin Omar bin Abdul Aziz, Rijal al-Kashi, Mashhad University Press, Mashhad, 1490 AH.
42. Kalini, Mohammad bin Yaqoob, Al-Kafi, Dar al-Kutub al-Islami, Tehran, 4th, 1407 AH.
43. Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, Beirut, 2nd, 1403 AH.
44. Mohagheg Karki, Ali bin Hossein, Al-Maqassed Mosque, Al-Al-Bayt, peace be upon him, Qom, Bita.
45. Marashi, Seyyed Shahabuddin, Al-Aqwal al-Mukhtara fi Ahkam al-Tahara, Ayatollah Azami Marashi Najafi Library, 1st, Qom, 2009.
46. ​​Meshkini, Ali, al-Taliqah al-Astdalaliya Ali al-Arwa al-Waghqi, Dar al-Hadith, Qom, 1392.
47. Mostafavi, Hassan, al-Habiq fi Kalam al-Qur'an al-Karim, Center for Translation and Translation, Tehran, 1st, 1402 AH.
48. Mofid, Muhammad bin Muhammad, Al-Irshad, Sheikh Mofid Congress, Qom, 1st, 1413 AH.
49. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Anwar al-Faqaha Kitab al-Nikah, Madrasa al-Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, Qom, 1st, 1377.
50. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Kitab al-Nikah, Madrasa al-Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, Qom, 1st, 1424 AH.
51. Attributed to Imam Reza, Fiqh al-Reza (peace be upon him), Al-Bayt, Mashhad, 1, 1406 AH.
52. Najashi, Ahmed bin Ali, Rijal al-Najashi, Al-Nashar Islamic Publishing House, Qom, 1365.
53. Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawaharlal Kalam in the Explanation of Islamic Laws, Dar Ihya Al-Tarath al-Arabi, Beirut, 7th, 1404 AH.
54. Hashemi Shahroudi, Seyyed Mahmoud, Fiqh culture according to the religion of Ahl al-Bayt, Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopaedia Institute, Qom, 1, 1382.
55. Hamdani, Reza, Misbah Al-Faqih, Al-Jaafriya Foundation for Heritage, B.T.A.